Lesson # a2003 ----- Keyword: any
Any/Some: Anybody, nobody, somebody, everybody, whoever
(see also lessons: thrz, men, the, howbig, much)
1. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: any, none
2. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: some
3. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
no one nothing nowhere
someone something somewhere
anyone anything anywhere
everyone everything everywhere
4. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES, INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
whatever whichever whoever
5. ADJECTIVE/ADVERB: else
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1. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: any, none
>> We use the word "any" in questions and in negative declarations.
We use "any" as an INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, and as an INDEFINITE PRONOUN:
-Is there any toilet paper in the bathroom? ADJECTIVE
No, there isn't any. PRONOUN
-Are there any elephants in your house? ADJECTIVE
No, there aren't any. PRONOUN
NOT ANY, NO, NONE:
>> We make the negative with "not any", "no" or "none":
-Are there any music classes at your school? ADJECTIVE
No, there are not any music classes at my school. ADJECTIVE
No, there are not any at my school. PRONOUN
No, there are no music classes at my school ADJECTIVE
No, there are none at my school. PRONOUN
2. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE, INDEFINITE PRONOUN: some
>> For positive declarations, we use the INDEFINITE ADJECTIVE/PRONOUN, "some":
-Do you know any Australians? ADJECTIVE
No, I don't know any. PRONOUN
No, I know none. PRONOUN
Yes, I know some Australians. ADJECTIVE
Yes, I know some. PRONOUN
-Is there any coffee? ADJECTIVE
Yes, there is some coffee. ADJECTIVE
Yes, there is some. PRONOUN
No, there is not any coffee. ADJECTIVE
No, there is not any. PRONOUN
No, there is no coffee. ADJECTIVE
No, there is none. PRONOUN
EXAMPLES:
-Are there any cockroaches at your house?
No, there aren't any.
There are none.
-There's a monster under my bed.
No there isn't. There isn't any monster under your bed.
-Are there any skeletons in his closet?
Yes, there are. There are some.
-Do you know any famous people?
Yes, I do. I know some.
No, I don't. I don't know any.
-He doesn't have any friends.
That's too bad.
EXERCISES:
>> Fill in the blank with "any", "some", "no" or "none":
0. Are there ______ onions?
No, there aren't ______.
Are there any onions?
No, there aren't any.
1. Do ______ black people work in your company?
Yes, there are ______.
2. She hasn't ______ clothes to wear to the party.
No problem, I can give her ______.
3. Mary, there is ______ gas in the car.
Oh, no. We had better get ______.
4. Are there ______ good movies this weekend?
No, there are ______.
5. I want to take a shower; is there ______ hot water?
I'm sorry, there is ______ hot water.
>> Answer the questions:
0. Do you want any help?
No thanks, ______
No thanks, I don't need any.
6. Does he eat any meat?
7. Are there any truly honest people?
8. Is there any time left before class finishes?
9. Does Mark have any books on ancient history?
10. Do you have any Russian relatives?
3. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
>> We combine the words "any", "some", "no" and "every" with the words
"one", "body", "thing", "where" and "place" to make the following INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
NO/NONE SOME ANY EVERY
no one someone anyone everyone
nobody somebody anybody everybody
nothing something anything everything
nowhere somewhere anywhere everywhere
noplace someplace anyplace every place
>> Notice that all of the above INDEFINITE PRONOUNS are singular.
We use the third person singular in the general tense:
-My car really gets me mad: Nothing works. Everything breaks and costs money.
-What is there on TV tonight?
There isn't anything!
There's absolutely nothing!
-Don't just stand there, do something!
There's nothing to do.
There isn't anything to do.
-Does anyone here have a red Ferrari parked out in front?
There isn't anyone here who has a red Ferrari.
No one has a Ferrari here.
-Everybody loves somebody sometime.
I don't! I hate everybody!
-Everywhere I go I see people with cellular phones.
-Where do you ride your bicycle?
I ride anywhere and everywhere.
-Does anyone want ice cream?
Yes! Yes! Everyone wants ice cream!
-Nobody likes a sore loser.
EXERCISES:
>> Fill in the blank with the "no one", "something", "anywhere", "everyone", etc:
0. There must be ______ that sells used books.
someplace
4. INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES, INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:
whatever whichever whoever
>> We combine "what, which" and "who" with "ever" to form the following
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS and INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES:
WHATEVER AS A PRONOUN:
ANYTHING OR EVERYTHING THAT...:
-Richard is a pig. He eats whatever is in front of him.
-It's your birthday; ask for whatever you want.
-Margaret is the boss; I do whatever she says.
NO MATTER WHAT:
-Whatever you say, I don't believe you.
-I like Mary, whatever other people may think about her.
-Whatever I do, you criticize me. Why?
ANYTHING ELSE:
-With dinner I usually drink beer or wine or whatever.
-It's a casual party; wear jeans or a skirt or whatever.
-Sonia watches a lot of TV. She watches the news or movies or whatever.
TO EXPRESS ASTONISHMENT OR PERPLEXITY:
-Whatever are you doing with that poor animal?
-Whatever does he do in the bathroom for three hours?
-Whatever do you want from me?
WHATEVER AS AN ADJECTIVE:
ANY... THAT...
-In this bar they serve whatever beer you like.
-We have jackets of all kinds; whatever size and whatever color you need.
-Whatever train he takes stops at this station.
ALL:
-I eat whatever foods she cooks.
-The bank accepts whatever payments you make.
NO MATTER WHAT:
-Whatever game we play, Steven always wins.
-Call me when you arrive, at whatever time.
-Whatever religion you believe in it doesn't matter to me.
WHICHEVER AS A PRONOUN:
WHATEVER ONE OF A GROUP:
-Shop at the National Supermarket or the Sun Supermarket, whichever you prefer.
-Take the five o'clock or the six o'clock bus, whichever is more convenient for you.
-There are three hotels. Stay in whichever is the cheapest.
WHICHEVER AS AN ADJECTIVE:
BEING WHATEVER ONE OF A GROUP:
-Shop at whichever supermarket you prefer.
-Take whichever bus is more convenient for you.
-Stay in whichever hotel is the cheapest.
NO MATTER WHICH:
-You win something whichever door you choose.
-Cigarettes are bad for you whichever brand you smoke.
WHOEVER AS A PRONOUN:
WHATEVER PERSON:
-Tell the good news to whomever you meet.
-Whoever wants dessert, come into the kitchen.
-I think that whoever drives like him is an idiot.
5. ADJECTIVE/ADVERB: else
>> We use the word "else" as an ADJECTIVE to express being different
or being in addition:
-I don't like fish, what else is there to eat?
-Who else is coming to the party?
-You dance; everybody else is tired.
-Finish the cake if you want; nobody else wants any.
-That is Eduardo's car, but somebody else is driving it.
-Thank you for your homework, Larry. Does anybody else have their homework?
-They have nothing else to say.
-She doesn't like these shoes; show her something else.
-I have the flour, the salt, the yeast and the water to make pizza; do I need anything else?
-EasyEnglish is the best English site on the web; everything else is second best.
>> We use the word "else" as an ADVERB to express: in a different or additional place, way or time:
-This store doesn't have the CD I want; where else do they sell jazz music?
-Let's go somewhere else; here the music is too loud.
-At Renato's Bar there is good espresso coffee; everywhere else the coffee is like dirty water.
-Rice is boiled and it is fried, how else is it cooked?
-If you don't tell him, how else will he know you love him?
-Five o'clock in the morning is too early. When else do trains leave for Madrid?
-Of course I celebrate New Year's on December thirty first! When else does anyone celebrate New Years?
EXERCISES:
We gave ______ food to eat.
Can I have ___________ to eat?
Make the following sentences negative:
x There is some milk on the floor.
x There is some water in the refrigerator.
x. Someone is at the door.
x. Everyone is tired after the trip.
Make the following sentences positive:
x. There isn't anything good on TV tonight.
x. No-one is at home.
x. There aren't any books on the shelf.
Answer the following questions positively and negatively:
x. Are there any boys in your math class?
x. Is anyone ready for the test?
x. Are any of you Chinese?
x. Are there any good book stores in your town?
x Is anything better than chocolate ice cream?
Ask questions for the following answers:
x. Nobody is at the school today; it's Sunday.
x. Yes, someone is in the kitchen with Dinah.
x.
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